Fuel burner



I G. B. CRIS .FUEL BURNER Filed March 4, 1939 avwentoz I Patented May 26, 1942 2,284,264 FUEL BURNER George Crisp, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application March 4', 1939,-Ser-ial No. 259,779

2 Claims. (01L 299-120) This invention relates to fuel burners; and more particularly to the atomizer thereof.

Primary objects of' the invention are the -provision of an atomizer for fuel burners having generally improved characteristics, and the accomplishment of better results in use.

More specifically, objects of the invention are the provision of improved means for more thoroughly and effectively atomizing thefuel to overcome difficulties encountered in fuel burners of the prior art, especially obviating and minimizing those difiiculties which have heretofore caused the failure of burners to function efficiently or to require too frequent repair or replacement of atomizers; to give superior performance to the fuel burners embodying-the present invention; to thoroughly crack the oil used as fuel; to impel the fuel in adverse directions in its transition through the atomizer; to accomplish a focal ejectment of the fuel; toimprove and generally simplify and obtain maximum efficiency of the mechanism; and to-provide an extremely simple,

the feed pipe which in use extends inwardly of the-fire box; The end of the; pipe is screw threaded and receives thereon a cap l ii," The atomizer in which the present invention inheres more particularly is mounted within the end portion of pipe l and held by said cap. 7 I

The atomizer proper consists of three parts, as shown, namely, a tip [2 which for most of its length substantially fits within the pipe, a rear plug section I3 which screws intothe rear end of said tip, and a forward plug, section l4 carried at the,v forward end of .the rear plug section l3 within the tip l2. The rear and forward plug sections l3, l4, togetherconstitute the plug.

The tip I2 is formed after the manner, in gen- 'eral of priorart tips, in thatit provides a forward .end with a'central orifice 1I5from which the fuel is ejected into the furnace; Within the tip, in

compact mechanism of this kind which is economical, durable, safe and reliable in operation and economical to manufacture, install and maintain.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combination of elements, arrangement of parts, and steps in the manufacture and use thereof which will be exemplified in the disclosure hereinafter set forth, wherein further objects and advantages of the invention will be disclosed, and the scope of the invention of which will be indicated in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, in which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts throughout the several views;

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the nozzle end of a burner, showing the atomizer therein in elevation; I

Figure 2 is a forward end view of the burner; Figure 3 is a view of the atomizer as shown in Fig. 1, but with the tip in longitudinal section;

Figure 4 is a rear view of the atomizer; Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through both the tip and plug;

Figure 6 is a side elevation of the rear plug section; r

Figure 7 is a forward end view thereof;

Figure 8 is a side elevation of the forward plug section; and

Figure 9 is a forward end view of the same.

In the specific embodiment of the invention illustrated in said drawing, the reference numeral 10 indicates a part of the burner, namely communication with said central orifice is a final atomizing whirl chamber I5. More will be said of this chamber later on, but suffice it' to say for the moment that it is'upon a common axis with the orifice l5, and extends inwardly to a square shoulder ll. It is this shoulder. 11 against which the forward end of the forward plug section engages when the atomizer is' assembled. The outside of the tipprovidesa forward central boss lfilwhich protrudes through a corresponding opening in the cap. Back of the boss, the forward end of the tip provides a peripheral flange l9 which willseat against the forwardeend'of pipe I6 and thus be held in position by the clamping effect of cap ll. Removal of the atomizer from the burner pipe may thus be readily done by merely unscrewing cap H andslidingthe atomizer from the pipe.

Rear plug section. I3 at the mid-portion is of maximum diameter and screw threaded, as at 20.

.Rearward of this screw threaded mid-portion-iis a'nut or squared end 2| whichisext'erior of the rear end of the tip and forms a convenient means for manipulating the plug in screwing it home or removing it from the .tip. Forwardly of the screw, threaded mid-portion 20, is a peripheral groove 22 beyond which is a flange 23 the outer ircumference of which makes a close fit with the inner face of the tip forwardly of the threads. There is thus provided, by groove '22- a primary or first stage annular flow chamber. Oil or other fuel may be introduced to this first stage flow chamber 22 from pipe Ill by way of a central bore 24 extending forwardly from the nut 2l to a cross-bore 25 situated diametrically of the plug sectionand opening at its opposite ends in the said groove or first stage flow chamber,

2 s a, J 2,2s4,2c4 J The forward plug section Hlpreferably has a rear face which engages the forward face of the rear plug section, and also has a threaded "cone nectionwith the rear plug section. As here sub-combination feature, the provision of a forshown, the forward plug section has a rearwardly directed screw threaded stem 26 which fits into a forward central socket 21 in the rear section. The diameter of the forward section is less than the diameter of the rear section where the faces-thereof meet. 'At' a distance forward from the forward face of the rear section,-the tip shoulders inward, as at 28, to a smaller diameter,

section is provided with a peripheral flange 29.

which substantially fits the smaller diameter of' the tip and thus provides to the rear of said;

flange but forward of the inner or forward flange of the rear member, aperipheral groove of second stage flow chamber 30. ,Between the forward sideof flange 29 on the forward plug section and the first-described inner square'shoul'der'in the tip; is 'anothefperipheral or-thirdstage flow chamber 3|."

Fromeach flow chamber to the next one forward are provided slopingslots for passing the fuel. The direction of slope of the slotsbetween successive chambers is reversed, so that the fuel firstwhirledin one direction and then in the opposite direction. l havelfound it very advantageous in obtaining better atomization of the fuel, to introduce obstacles to the free or direct flow of the fuel. Thus, the T-shape of the inlet passage to the first-flow chamber obtains a de gree of benefit. Then the oil, introduced radia lly has to change its course to' circumferentially in the first stage flow chamber 22, then passes 'di-- agonally through slots 32*:in the first flange. 23,

then circumferentially again the second f flow 1 chamber 30, thence in a reverse direction through slots 33 in the forward plug section flange 29 to the third flow chamber 3i where it 'must move circumferentially. The forward end'of the plug has slots 34 (sloping reversely with respect to the common axis with the orifice'15. The base of this conical recess is forward and of the same diameter as therear end of the chamber l6 on the inside of the tip. That chamber has its' wall preferably parabolic so as to focus .toward the apex of the cone portion of the chamber; .The fuel admitted to this chamber tends to reflect fromlthe parabolic surface toward the conical end, and thus increasing the pressure toward the rear center of the chamber, the fluid formsa V centralcolumn through the middle of the cham her around the chamber axis and directly out of the orifice. This structure of .the final flow chamber consequently performs. the addition-a1 important function of forming a directed stream offuel ejecting as a column initiated at the .bottomof the chamber and consequently jnot'affected by undue lateral :flaring of the stream where leavingthe atomizer. v

From the foregoing description, will be1now understood that therinvention residesinpart: in

the discovery of the. needifor changing the direction of 'fiow. of the fuel'toatomize it most eifectively,xand in part in the mechanism accomplishing such change of direction. The in 'vention also includes the construction of final whirl chamber by which a directed stream is secured. Furthermore, the invention provides as a ward plug section-which may be replaced'as becomes necessary periodically, although it is to be understood features of the assembly of the plug irrespective ofthe plug being sectional are con- 0 si-dered important subject matter of this invenand at about the same position the forward plugflj illustrated, it is to be understood other means for obtaining a staggered routing of the fuel under atomizing impetus and other means for accomplishing the several further objects of the invention may be employed within the province of the'inventive concept thus exemplified, and the invention therefore is not limited to the details of construction illustrated except as set forth in of theprior art. l Hi I r l 1 .Ijblainli". V .TL" 1' l. atomizer: for '..fuel burners, comprising a :the following claims when construed the light 25, tip and plug,,said Itip having a forward wall with 7 a central orifice and with a Ifrowardly extending central boss;isaid forwardwall having a rear annular fiat face substantially entirelybehind and reinforced by saidboss, said atip also having a rearwardly extending. cylindrical side Iwall open at the rear thereof and threaded thereat on the inside. of said-cylindrical wall' andf said plug having-a forward .an'nular flat-end. in flatwise engagement ,with and of less diameter than. the

35 saidfiatrear annular face; of the forward wall of the: tip and (located entirely behind said boss of the tip, aj'peripheral flange on the. plug spaced rearwardly from saidforwardannular end thereof the-outerperiphery ofsaidfiange having a 40 'slidable rotatable fit with-said inside cylindrical Wall: of the tip so as to provide an annular cham- 7 her between said tip and, plug, and said plug providing a solid depth of metal from the for ward annular flat end for a distancelengthwise of the plug beyond the rear of said fiange,ian-

other and more rearward flange on said, plug hav ing peripheral screwthreads interfitting, with the screwthreads said tip for tightly and forcibly seatingthe forwardannular flat'endof the plug against the rear annularflat face of said forw r wa l .of th t n. w e eare o ced by, said boss and prevent leakage past said plug -to said orifice, said plug having fuel passages from the rear thereof to the said annular chamber and from the annular chamber to the saidorifice;

2. An atomizer for fuel burners, comprising a tip and plug, said tip-having a forward wall with a central orifice and with a'forwardly extending central boss, said forward wall having a rear annular flat face substantially entirely behindand ie en sdh i bos a dti .1a ha in a rearwardly extending cylindrical sidewall open at the rearthereof and-threaded thereat on-the inside ofsaid cylindricalwall,andsaid plug havinga forward annular flat; end in flatwise enrearwardly frorn said forwardannular end there-.

of, the outer periphery of said flange havinga slidable rotatable fit with said; inside cylindrical wall of the tip so-as to provide an annular chamber between said tip and -plug,and said plug providing a solid depth otmetalfrom the forward annular flat end for a distancelengthwise of the plug beyond the rear of said flange, another and more rearward flange on said plug having peripheral screwthreads interfltting with the screwthreads in said tip fortightly and forcibly seating the forward annular flat end of the plug against the rear annular flat face of said forward wall of the tip where reinforced by said boss and prevent leakage past said plug to said orifice, said plug having an intermediate flange 10 

